Garlic variety · Released variety
Yamuna Purple-10
Also known as G-404
NHRDF, Nashik (likely) · Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Purple bulb with high pyruvate content and strong aroma; salt-tolerant genotype; maintains yield under salinity stress; specialty market value for pungency
Key facts
| Type | Released variety |
|---|---|
| Origin | NHRDF, Nashik (likely) |
| Breeder / source | Indian Council of Agricultural Research |
| Yield | reported 200–225 q/ha; 230–250 days maturity |
| Tolerance | Salt-tolerant; maintains >85% yield under saline conditions; moderate to good foliar disease resistance |
| Distinctive features | Compact attractive light-purple bulbs 4.8–5.5 cm dia; creamy flesh; 25–30 bigger elongated cloves per bulb; TSS 40°B, 42.9% dry matter; 26.8 μmol/g pyruvic acid |
| Grown in | Zone II (Delhi, Rajasthan, Haryana, J&K, Punjab), Zone IV (Punjab, Tarai UP, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand) |
| Also known as | G-404 |
Figures are indicative, compiled from public agricultural sources (ICAR institutes, State Agricultural Universities, the Spices Board and the National Innovation Foundation) and vary with soil, season and management. Confirm with your local package of practices.
Yamuna Purple-10 in detail
Purple-skinned garlic, designation G-404, noted for strong pungency and for holding yield relatively well under salinity stress.
Origin & story
A garlic selection within the Indian horticultural research system (ICAR), released as Yamuna Purple-10 with the clonal designation G-404. It is a purple-bulbed Allium sativum type and has been identified in independent screening work as one of the more salt-tolerant garlic genotypes.
How it grows
Sown roughly mid-to-late October across Zone II (Jammu, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan) and Zone IV (Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra). Matures in about 165-175 days. Yield runs 18-20 tonnes per hectare under normal conditions, and the variety holds yield better than most when grown in salt-affected soils. Bulbs are compact and globular, purplish-white externally, creamy inside, 4.8-5.5 cm in diameter, with about 24-28 bold cloves per bulb.
Quality & character
High pyruvic acid content gives it sharp, lingering heat and aroma. Dry matter is around 41-42% and TSS reaches about 40 Brix. Flesh is pale, cloves are bold and fairly uniform, and the purple skin makes the variety visually distinct at market.
Why it matters to buyers
The purple skin and strong pungency suit buyers after a visually distinct, sharp garlic, including food processors targeting pungency-driven products. The salt-tolerant trait matters to growers on alkali or saline soils, where yield stability lowers risk. The variety also shows reported tolerance to purple blotch and Stemphylium blight, which can help in humid seasons.
About garlic
India grows both short-day and long-day garlic varieties suited to its diverse agro-climates, from the tropical Deccan to the Himalayan foothills. The National Horticultural Research Development Foundation (NHRDF) in Nashik has released the widely planted Yamuna Safed series from southern germplasm, while the Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research (DOGR)…
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